This short article is written by Abhirath Narasimhan of RV University, School of Law. 

Abstract

Littering and improper Waste Management are a major problem in India. The paper performs a comparative analysis between the cities of Indore and Bengaluru. Bengaluru struggles with poor waste management despite having strict penalties while Indore is one of the cleanest cities in India in addition to having strict penalties. Using this analysis, combining sociological theory and realist jurisprudence it is concluded that imposition of stricter penalties and conducting awareness campaigns cannot bring change. Civic Pride and Durkheim’s Organic Solidarity are central concepts in decoding the problem of littering. Culture and household values are critical in shaping public attitude. Karl Llewellyn’s realist view that law must consider lived realities and social behavior, not just exist on paper is essential in demystifying the stubborn habit of poor waste management. For lasting impact, the state must act not as an enforcer, but as a leader.

Key words:  Solidarity, Pride, Culture, Cleanliness, Realist 

The short article is written by K GOPIKA, an LL.M student at the Department of Law, Central University of Kerala.

ABSTRACT

In the State of Kerala boasts some of the best health indicators in India, disparities in reproductive health persist among its tribal (indigenous) populations.This study analyses the extent of knowledge gaps and low contraceptive use among tribal women, how these gaps are caused by cultural and infrastructure barriers, and suggests focused interventions using data from Wayanad district. A cross-sectional study of 2,495 tribal women from Paniya, Kurichiyar, Adiya, Kattunaicken, and other tribal groups, aged 15 to 49, revealed that only roughly 26.4% of them currently use contraceptives, compared to roughly 58.5% of the rest of Kerala’s population. Key determinants include tribe group, education level, living conditions, and fertility desires; cultural practices regarding menstruation, decision-making dynamics, and infrastructural deficits further limit access; and more than half of the respondents had poor knowledge of contraceptives, with oral contraceptive pill use being particularly low (4.8%). This paper makes the case for culturally sensitive educational outreach, improved service delivery, community participation, and measures to reduce social vulnerability.

KEYWORDS:

TRIBAL WOMEN, KERALA, WAYANAD, CONTRACEPTIVE USE, KNOWLEDGE, FERTILITY INTENTIONS, HEALTH DISPARITIES, CULTURAL BARRIERS.

This short article is written by N. Likhitha Prasad, an LLM Student of Jain (Deemed-to-be-University) School of Law, Bengaluru. 

ABSTRACT

The rapid growth of digital technologies and internet penetration in India has opened up once-in-a-lifetime opportunities for communication, commerce, and governance. However, in tandem with these benefits, cybercrime has reared its head as a serious threat. One of the most noted forms of this phenomenon is called “Digital Arrest” – a sophisticated scam that relies on fear, authority and psychological manipulation to extort funds from unsuspecting individuals. In incidents of Digital Arrest, criminals impersonate law enforcement officers, customs officials, or other government authorities, and individuals are falsely implicated of committing crimes, such as narcotics trafficking, money laundering, or other cyber offenses, and subsequently intimidate them in real time via video calls, surveil them at home, all the while threatening to arrest them or seize their property unless they produce financial payment as falls to clean their name. 

This study addresses the meaning, modus operandi and legal implications of digital arrest scams in an Indian context, as well the various cyber techniques deployed by criminals, ranging from caller ID spoofing, phishing, counterfeit documents to the impersonation of a judicial or law enforcement authority. The paper carefully examines the social, psychological and economic implications for victims of digital arrest, beyond just loss of financial funds, but also severe mental trauma, social dislocation and extreme cases of victim suicides. The legal analysis relies on the  Information Technology Act, 2000, and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, exploring just how existing laws deal with crimes of cheating, impersonation, forgery, and extortion in digital spaces. The courts and others have reinforced in multiple ways that there is no legal basis for arrest via online means; hence, “digital arrest” can only be viewed as fraudulent. Despite the fact that the government has established a number of channels for victims to report such illegal behavior, notably through the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Center (I4C) and the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal and the 1930 telephone helpline.  Despite recent specific warnings to the public, the issue continues to worsen, as seen in reference to the thousands of crores of rupees in financial loss.

This research promotes deeper discussion about the potential to strengthen law enforcement capacity, increase cyber literacy, forge effective international cooperation and establish victim support initiatives through analysis of case studies and statistical information. In conclusion, the study concludes that the challenge of preventing or defending against digital arrest scams will require societal shifts to alertness or resilience that should include legal and technological means as well as literacy in the digital ecosystem, through societal awareness and action.

Keywords: Digital Arrest, Cybercrime, Impersonation, Online Fraud, Cybercriminals

This short article is written by Dr. Puranjan Prasad Paul, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, The ICFAI University Tripura

Abstract: The shift into the digital age has utterly transformed the concept of privacy, moving it beyond old-fashioned concerns to face complex new challenges. The core issue is how massive data collection, powerful Artificial Intelligence (AI), and pervasive social media now threaten our personal space. Historically, privacy has evolved from a simple property issue into a recognized fundamental human right. The article highlights key digital dangers: vast surveillance by corporations and governments, the inherent unfairness of algorithmic bias, and the slow erosion of individual freedom through data profiling and the “chilling effect” on free expression. It then examines global legal responses, specifically analyzing the GDPR, the CCPA, and India’s DPDP Act, noting their strengths and weaknesses. To fully protect privacy, the article ultimately proposes a holistic approach involving “privacy-by-design,” demanding more transparency, implementing robust technical safeguards, and fostering international cooperation to secure our data in an interconnected world. 

Keywords: Right to Privacy, Digital Privacy, Social Media Privacy, DPDP Act

This short article is written by CHANDRANI CHAKRABORTY, Legal Research scholar, Motherhood University, Roorkee, Uttarakhand.

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded in social, economic, and political systems. Yet its development and deployment are marked by persistent gender disparities. Women are systematically underrepresented in AI research, policymaking, and corporate leadership, while at the same time facing disproportionate harms from algorithmic bias. This paper interrogates the gendered dimensions of AI through three interlinked themes: (1) women’s participation in AI development, (2) gendered impacts of AI systems, and (3) governance frameworks for inclusive innovation. It traces the historical and structural factors that have led to the underrepresentation of women in science and technology, including educational inequalities, workplace discrimination, and unpaid care work. It then examines how biased training data, opaque algorithms, and unregulated deployment produce discriminatory outcomes in fields such as healthcare, recruitment, predictive policing, and content moderation. Using case studies from the European Union, India, and international organizations, the paper assesses current policy responses and highlights their limitations in addressing systemic inequities. It argues for a feminist framework of AI governance grounded in intersectional data audits, participatory design, algorithmic transparency, and substantive representation of women as co-creators of technology. Such an approach moves beyond tokenistic inclusion and reframes women not as vulnerable subjects but as active producers of AI knowledge. By centering gender justice in AI ecosystems, policymakers can ensure that technological innovation advances substantive equality and human rights rather than reproducing old hierarchies in new digital forms.
Keywords: Women; Artificial Intelligence; Algorithmic Bias; Feminist Technology; Digital Rights; AI Governance; Gender Justice.

This short article is written by Adv Nirvrithy Prasannan s, Advocate, LLM student at Central university of kerala Department of law.                                                                                          

ABSTRACT

One of the oldest and most pervasive systems of social control, patriarchy has historically denied women equal rights and conditioned them into submissive roles. Women have been confined within male-created and reinforced power structures for centuries. Though these roles were frequently framed within patriarchal narratives that glorified their subordination to men, women in ancient times held spaces of reverence as mothers, nurturers, and occasionally as rulers or scholars. Women’s marginalization increased with the introduction of organized religion and the codification of laws. Discrimination against women was institutionalized by social norms, religious precepts, and hierarchical status divisions. By dictating women’s subservience to fathers, husbands, and sons, ancient texts such as the Manusmrithi legitimized male dominance and reduced women’s autonomy to almost nothing. Gender inequality has been sustained across generations as a result of these artificial concepts becoming cultural norms. Education, property rights, political participation, and even basic freedoms were restricted for women. In addition to being accepted as normal, the exploitation and conditioning of women was also defended as necessary to uphold social order. The historical foundations of patriarchy, its social and religious expressions, and its long-lasting effects on women’s rights are all critically examined in this article. It makes the case that breaking down such ingrained barriers calls for a mix of social awareness, legal reforms, and empowerment tactics that go against oppressive customs. Society can move closer to a more inclusive and egalitarian future by dismantling patriarchal ideologies and reclaiming women’s rights.