This Long article has been written by Dhatrii Singh and co- authored by Adv. Akshat Vatsya. Dhatri is a Law student at Gitarattan International Business School, Indraprastha University, Akshat is a student at UPES, Dehradun. 

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to analyze the dynamics of regulating deep fake technology in India, is state that is currently submerged by the flow of synthetic media generated by AI which makes it extremely hard to differentiate the real from fake. Deepfakes produced by GAN are dangerous to person’s reputation, the public and democratic processes, considering the example of the fake Rashmika Mandanna’s video or political campaigns in 2024 Lok Sabha elections. The paper outlines the technological advances of deep fakes, the subjective and psychological impacts associated with them, as well as the current upsurge in their use, especially in India; defamatory cases and electoral interference. It especially discusses the Indian laws that address information technology and includes the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 which the author regards as insufficient as a result of their ambiguity, reactive approach, and inability to account for deepfake-related crimes. This paper, focuses on how free speech as provided by Article 19(1)(a) has to be restricted due to the grounds under Article 19(2) by the aid of cases such as Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015).

Therefore, the rationale of the paper is to identify measures that will help the government regulate deepfakes in a way that does not infringe on the freedom of speech rights of the people. At the same time reduce the spread of fake news that has been notorious in India. It uses a benchmarking research methodology which aims at comparing indian circumstances to the global occurrences from international models like EU’s Digital Service Act & AI Act, U.S state-level disclosure laws, or stringent Chinese content control to extract the insights suited for India’s socio-cultural and digital landscape. The media literacy addressed here includes technology-based systems (AI systems for detection, blockchain, and watermarking), governmental and academic-industry partnerships, and informational campaign. It actually presents a comprehensive approach that involves the use of laws, technology and increased awareness to ensure that democracy is upheld while at the same time ensuring that security has been enhanced. To that end, this study focuses on enforcement issues and culture, which would help the policy maker to provide direction on promoting innovation and safeguarding the citizenry from the dangers of deep fake news.

This long article has been written by Nandani KumarI. She is a law student at Usha Martin University, Jharkhand. 

ABSTRACT

Intellectual property law (IPR) are legal privileges granted to a person, individual or an organization for the inventions of the mind, including inventions, symbols, names, images, artistic works and designs used in commerce. The roots of intellectual property law can be traced back to the 18th century, with a significant development occurring in 1790 when the United States enacted its first patent statute. This marked a pivotal moment in the formal recognition and legal protection of intellectual property rights. While the particular legal structures for Intellectual property safeguarding varies internationally, most jurisdictions offer safeguarding under major categories such as, trademark, copyright and patent laws. Digital marketplaces frequently involve the trade of software applications, multimedia content, e-learning modules, digital art, and private systems all of which are inherently tied to Intellectual property. These digital products derive Their value primarily from the Intellectual property embedded in them, making sturdy legal safeguarding indispensable.E-commerce platforms must implement comprehensive Intellectual property rights (IPR) policies to manage licensing, prevent violation, and facilitate legitimate trade.

This Long article has been written by Kavya Agrawal. She is a law student at Maharashtra National Law University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar. 

ABSTRACT

In the digital age, Cyber terrorism has become a serious and very dynamic threat to both national and international security. Cyber terrorism basically means the use of information technology to overthrow, harm, or compel governments and society, in contrast to traditional terrorism which basically depends on physical violence. With potentially disastrous results, it majorly targets critical infrastructure, including communication networks, transportation systems, water systems, and power grids. There are many events that have happened in this regard. Some notable events like the 2016 Bangladesh Bank heist and the 2015 cyber-attack on Ukraine’s power grid demonstrate how these attacks have the ability to disrupt financial institutions and paralyze vital utilities.

This article basically assesses current legal frameworks that deal with the issue of cyber terrorism and looks at its complex effects. The 2001 Budapest Convention on Cyber-crime encourages collaboration on a global scale but does not provide a clear definition of cyber terrorism. Moreover, even the necessity of protecting vital infrastructure from terrorist threats in cyberspace is emphasized in UN Resolution 2341 (2017). However, several nations have also put laws into place at the national level. Although there is still a problem with definitional clarity, cyber terrorism is addressed under India’s Information Technology Act, 2000, specifically Section 66F, which was included by the 2008 amendment. Cyber related offences are also included in the USA PATRIOT Act’s more comprehensive counterterrorism measures. Despite these initiatives, different countries continue to have different definitions and legal interpretations. 

The article also examines the main and necessary obstacles to a successful international response to cyber terrorism. The major and most significant of these is the lack of generally agreed-upon definition, which ultimately results in inconsistent legal interpretations and gaps in enforcement. These are the discrepancies which undermine international cooperation in combating cyber threats. The article suggests crucial measures to close these gaps. First, for legal systems to be consistent, a widely recognized definition of cyberterrorism must be established. Second, a specific international convention that deals with cyber terrorism is desperately needed in order to facilitate collaboration on extradition, evidence exchange, and cooperative investigations. Third, for successful enforcement, it is essential to invest in cyber forensic infrastructure and develop procedural guidelines for managing digital evidence.

To sum up, cyber terrorism presents a distinct and significant threat to both national and international stability. An anticipatory, rights-respecting, and well-coordinated legal reaction is essential. The legislation must change proactively to safeguard the digital future in a time when cyber-attacks have the power to paralyze entire countries.