This long article is written by Adv Monica Madaan an LLM Student of KR Mangalam University, Gurugram and co-authored by Arryan Mohanty,Student from Symbiosis Law School, Nagpur 

Abstract

India’s insolvency framework was fundamentally restructured in 2016 through the enactment of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), which unified and modernised the previously fragmented laws governing insolvency and restructuring of individuals, partnerships, and corporate entities. Under this consolidated statutory regime, liquidation refers to the formal termination of a corporate debtor’s business operations, accompanied by the systematic realisation and distribution of its assets among eligible stakeholders in circumstances where revival is no longer feasible. Liquidation may be triggered either upon a determination by the Committee of Creditors that winding up represents the most commercially prudent outcome or upon the failure of the corporate insolvency resolution process to yield an approved resolution plan. The process is conducted under the supervisory jurisdiction of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), which ensures institutional oversight and procedural compliance. In accordance with Section 34 of the IBC, the liquidator assumes control over the corporate debtor’s estate and is entrusted with functions including the verification of claims, custody and preservation of assets, and their realisation in a manner aimed at maximising value. The allocation of proceeds from liquidation is regulated by the statutory priority framework set out in Section 53, which accords precedence to secured creditors and certain protected claims, including those relating to employees. By instituting a creditor-driven, time-bound, and rule-based mechanism, the IBC has substantially improved the transparency, predictability, and efficiency of liquidation proceedings as compared to the pre-IBC regime. Although liquidation is generally viewed as a measure of last resort due to comparatively lower recovery outcomes, it plays a critical role in enforcing credit discipline and resolving cases of sustained financial failure. Ongoing legislative amendments and judicial interpretation have further refined the liquidation process, particularly in relation to stakeholder entitlements, valuation standards, and the avoidance of preferential, undervalued, or fraudulent transactions. This paper examines the legal framework, procedural mechanics, and practical implications of liquidation under the IBC, 2016, underscoring its significance within India’s evolving insolvency system.

This long article is written by Pratik Prakash Jaiswal from, G. H. Raisoni Law College, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University,Maharashtra, India

Abstract

This article examines the evolution and contemporary relevance of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India through the analytical frame of sociological jurisprudence, with a specific focus on privacy and protection laws in the digital age. It traces doctrinal and practical developments from the procedural innovations that democratised access to courts, to landmark constitutional rulings that enshrined privacy, dignity and equality as enforceable rights. By analysing prominent PILs and constitutional judgments, including Hussainara Khatoon, Bandhua Mukti Morcha, Olga Tellis, Vishaka, NALSA, K.S. Puttaswamy, the Aadhaar litigation and Navtej Singh Johar, the paper demonstrates how courts have used purposive interpretation, continuing mandamus and proportionality tests to secure substantive protections for marginalised groups. The study then turns to emerging challenges: algorithmic decision-making, mass surveillance, cyber insecurity, and innovations in financial technology such as cryptocurrencies, all of which raise complex questions about informational autonomy, transparency, accountability and distributive fairness. Methodologically, the paper synthesises doctrinal analysis with socio-legal evidence and technical audits filed in PILs to assess real-world impact. Drawing on comparative perspectives and contemporary regulatory debates, the article proposes a pragmatic framework for deploying PILs in the digital era: clearer proportionality standards, institutional collaboration with regulators and technical experts, targeted and measurable remedies, and robust monitoring mechanisms. While PILs cannot substitute for comprehensive legislative frameworks, they catalyse rights protection, prompt regulatory action and ensure that vulnerable communities are not left behind. The conclusion emphasises that a renewed sociological jurisprudence, one that honors constitutional commitments to social justice while embracing technical expertise and democratic processes, can help preserve meaningful fundamental rights amid rapid technological change. Finally, the paper stresses that judicial success depends on sustained civic engagement, institutional accountability and continuous evaluation of technological systems for fairness and inclusion.

Keywords: Public Interest Litigation, Privacy, Data Protection, Sociological Jurisprudence, AI & Law

This dissertation is written by Prasoon Kumar. 

‘Mahatma Gandhi’ once said that “An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind” and ADR promotes resolution through dialogue, understanding and compromise rather than conflicts and retaliation.

This abstract is about the impact of Dispute resolution in a global context. In a world that is globalised, resolution of dispute across borders becomes significantly important for the maintenance of international cooperation, commerce, governance etc. This might involve mechanisms such as mediation, arbitration, litigation, negotiation which are specifically designed to address the complexities of inter border conflicts while also keeping in regards the cultural and legal differences. However, challenges like conflicts over jurisdiction, diversity in culture persists. For such challenges there are solutions like online dispute resolution (ODR) among others which lend a significant hand to enhance accessibility and cost efficiency.

The future of dispute resolution globally is dependent upon harmonization of legal frameworks, inclusiveness being fostered and building up of international cooperation. By strengthening this mechanism, we can ensure stability and thereby uphold the rule of law and promote the situation of trust in an increasingly interconnected society. The objective is multifaceted; it firstly aims to comprehend the idea of alternate dispute resolution and investigate current worldwide trends in ADR with an emphasis on contemporary times. Additionally, the study will also examine ADR procedures in other nations and the global business community, thereby also highlighting regional differences and the function of ADR in promoting trade at an international level. Lastly, the writing will make recommendations for international cooperation, technological integration and legal reforms as ways to improve the ADR system. This article attempts to give a thorough grasp of ADR’s ability to close gaps in international conflict resolution by examining its historical evolution in contemporary applications. Technology has the ability to promote a more effective, equitable and connected world as it continues to influence ADR’s future.

This long article is written by Dr. Kuldeep Singh Panwar, co authored by K. Livi Yeptho.

Abstract

Women make up half the population of the nation, and with education, they can be empowered to go on to contribute to the Indian economy. Empowerment of women through education will allow them to counter provocation, fight generational biases, and transform their suppressed reality. Even with continuous efforts to abolish gender inequality and the patriarchal nature of society, discrimination continues to exist. A lot requires action in the domain of education for women in order to do away with this prejudice. Naturally, women are built differently from men, but that should not hinder them from realizing their true potential because when it comes to proving their grit, women have always excelled, and sometimes even better than men. It is not to say that men should be demoted, but a fair and equal opportunity to both sexes on unbiased grounds would make a significant impact in ensuring a better nation tomorrow.

Empowering women through education is not solely about literacy; it is about creating a domino effect that impacts generations. A literate woman evolves into an informed mother, a competent worker, and an agile citizen who becomes a responsible citizen in moulding the sociodemographic essence of the nation. In the non-urban regions, especially, the existence of one educated woman can alter community practices concerning child care, hygiene, and nutrition, exhibiting that empowerment is both personal and collective. Therefore, edifying women should not be a representative gesture, but a fundamental amelioration that fuels the very foundation of democracy and development.

Keywords: Women’s Empowerment, Female Literacy Rate, United Nations, Participation, Patriarchal