This long article is written by SUMITHRA S, co authored by RUTHRA B
Abstract: The governance of AI systems used in independent and vital industries like healthcare, finance, defense, and public administration is the main focus of this paper which examines the boundaries of algorithmic accountability in India. It looks at the doctrinal, ethical, and legal aspects of accountability, placing AI governance within industry-specific regulatory frameworks, emerging jurisprudence, and constitutional principles. The study examines the effectiveness of legislative measures, court rulings, and policy directives in mitigating the risks associated with multi-stakeholder AI ecosystems and opaque decision-making processes. It also explores explainability, transparency, algorithmic audits, and liability distribution among developers, operators, and end users, emphasising the practical and normative requirements for responsible AI deployment. In order to propose a comprehensive governance model, the paper makes policy recommendations that include algorithmic impact assessments, adaptive compliance frameworks, and the integration of ethical and human rights protections. This study adds to the continuing conversation on AI accountability in India by combining legal theory, regulatory practice, and interdisciplinary insights, providing workable frameworks to balance technological advancement with social protection.
Keywords: Algorithmic Accountability, AI Governance, Autonomous Systems, Liability, Transparency, Explainable AI, Indian Legal Framework, Critical Sectors, Policy Recommendations, Ethical Oversight.
