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This Long article has been written by Aseem Simlote. He is a Law Student at S.S Jain Subodh Law College, Jaipur, Rajasthan.

ABSTRACT

In the digital age, traditional notions of market power and competition are being upended by the rapid rise of
tech giants such as Google, Amazon, Meta (formerly Facebook), and Apple. These firms operate in multi-sided markets where data is the new currency, and services are often offered for free, raising significant challenges for the application of existing competition law frameworks. The classical focus of antitrust enforcement on price effects and output limitations struggles to capture the full scope of dominance exerted in zero-price markets. This article seeks to reassess the foundations of competition law in the face of digital dominance.
Beginning with an exploration of the shift from price-centric to data-centric models of market dominance, the article analyzes how big tech companies accumulate, control, and monetize vast troves of personal data to entrench their market position. It further examines the unique challenges of enforcing abuse of dominance provisions in environments where consumers are not charged in monetary terms but pay with their attention
and data.
The article also investigates the roles of algorithms, self-preferencing, and gatekeeping behaviors, which allow dominant platforms to control market access, favor their own services, and manipulate market outcomes in their favor. A comparative study of global antitrust responses—including the European Union’s Digital Markets Act (DMA), ongoing antitrust reforms in the United States, and the actions of India’s Competition Commission (CCI)—offers insight into how jurisdictions are adapting their legal frameworks to respond to these new market dynamics.
The article concludes by advocating for a modernized, principle-based approach to competition law that incorporates technological realities, ensures fair digital markets, and safeguards innovation and consumer welfare. This includes recommendations for legislative amendments, broader definitions of market power, and enhanced enforcement tools for competition authorities.

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This Long article has been written by M. Nithya Sri. She is a 4th Year law student, pursuing BALLB from The Central Law College, Salem, Tamil Nadu.

ABSTRACT

The rapid ascent of big tech firms has fundamentally transformed global markets, challenging the efficacy of traditional competition laws. These digital conglomerates leverage vast data troves, sophisticated algorithms and expensive ecosystems to entrench their market position, often blurring the lines between innovation and anti-competition behaviour. The digital economy is increasingly dominated by a handful of technology giants whose control over data, infrastructure and algorithms challenges the underpinning traditional competition law. Special attention is paid to how algorithms and data collection practices are used to entrench monopolistic position, often in ways that are invisible or difficult to detect by regulators.
This paper also considers how privacy violations and opaque consent mechanics intersect with competition concerns, particularly through consumer lock-in and data-driven market advantages.

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This Case Comment has been written by Sneha Awasthi, a third Year law student from Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur. She has prior experience in research, drafting, and published legal writing.

ABSTRACT

The Delhi High Court in Star India Pvt. Ltd. v. Moviestrunk.com & Ors . tackled digital piracy head-on after Star India’s film Mission Mangal was leaked online by 67 rogue websites. With no response to takedown notices and release at risk, the court swiftly issued an ex parte injunction, blocking the sites and directing ISPs, registrars, and government bodies to act. The case sets a strong precedent for urgent copyright protection in the digital era.

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This Case Comment has been written by Navya Madhunala. She is a fifth-year BBA LL.B. (Hons.) student at ICFAI Law School. She is an enthusiastic and curious law student who enjoys exploring diverse areas of law through research and legal writing, with a strong commitment to continuous learning and academic growth.

ABSTRACT

The Supreme Court’s decision in Kharak Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh (AIR 1963 SC 1295) marks a foundational moment in the evolution of personal liberty under the Indian Constitution. The petitioner, subjected to prolonged police surveillance under Regulation 236 of the U.P. Police Regulations, despite no formal charges, challenged the legality of intrusive measures such as night-time domiciliary visits. The Court struck down the clause permitting such visits, holding it violative of Article 21, as it infringed upon an individual’s dignity and peaceful existence within their home. However, it upheld the remaining surveillance provisions, reasoning that mere observation or inquiries, without physical restraint, did not violate the rights to movement or association under Article 19.

Crucially, the majority declined to recognize privacy as a constitutionally protected right, citing its absence from the express language of Part III. In contrast, Justice Subba Rao’s dissent asserted that personal liberty under Article21 necessarily includes the right to privacy and freedom from unwarranted surveillance. Though not accepted at the time, his interpretation laid the intellectual groundwork for the later recognition of privacy as a fundamental right in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017). Kharak Singh thus remains a pivotal case in India’s constitutional journey toward safeguarding individual autonomy and dignity.

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This Article has been written by Sneha Awasthi, a third year law student from Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur. She has prior experience in research, drafting, and published legal writing. 

ABSTRACT

In the case of Govind Singh v. State of Madhya Pradesh (2022), the Supreme Court dealt with concerns over the selection of district judges, highlighting potential procedural flaws and undue executive influence. The raised issues under Article 233 of the Constitution, pointing to a lack of transparency in the recruitment process emphasize the need for judicial independence and adherence to constitutional norms. The Court instructed state to re-examine the appointments, underscoring the vital role of fairness and integrity in judicial selections.

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This Case Comment has been Written by Navya Madhunala. She is a fifth-year BBA LL.B. (Hons.) student at ICFAI Law School. She is an enthusiastic and curious law student who enjoys exploring diverse areas of law through research and legal writing, with a strong commitment to continuous learning and academic growth.

ABSTARCT

This case commentary examines a landmark Bombay High Court decision in International Society for Krishna Consciousness vs. ISKCON Apparel Pvt. Ltd. & Anr affirming that religious and charitable organizations can enforce trademark rights over coined and distinctive marks. The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) successfully secured interim relief against a private company misusing its invented term to suggest a false association. By recognizing ISKCON’s exclusive rights and the risk of consumer deception, the Court highlighted that even spiritual institutions build protectable goodwill. The ruling strengthens the position that trademark protection under Indian law extends beyond commercial businesses to non-profits whose unique identities hold significant public trust. This decision sets an important precedent against the unauthorized commercial exploitation of religious and institutional names.

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This case comment has been written by Navya Madhunala. She is a fifth-year BBA LL.B. (Hons.) student at ICFAI Law School. She is an enthusiastic and curious law student who enjoys exploring diverse areas of law throughM research and legal writing, with a strong commitment to continuous learning and academic growth.

ABSTRACT

This case commentary examines the Bombay High Court’s decision in Bajaj Electricals Ltd. v. Gourav Bajaj & Anr., which reinforces legal safeguards for well-known trademarks under Indian law. The Court granted interim injunction against the unauthorized use of the mark “BAJAJ,” holding that such use constituted trademark infringement, passing off, and copyright violation. It rejected the defense of bona fide surname use, citing dishonest intent and likelihood of consumer confusion. Emphasizing that personal names cannot justify deceptive branding, the judgment highlights the scope of protection under Sections 2(1)(zg), 29, and 27(2) of the Trade Marks Act, 1999. The decision affirms that reputation-based rights merit strong interim protection, even in the absence of actual confusion.

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THE IMPACT OF INFLATION ON FMCG PRICING

This blog has been written by Gokul. B, student of 3 rd year B.B.A. LL.B. (Hons) at VIT School of Law. He’s more inclined towards legal research and understanding the core purpose of law.

ABSTRACT

Inflation as a longstanding macro economic issue has transformed the dynamics of operating and pricing in the Fast- Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry in India. Dealing with the increased input costs and the changes in consumer behaviour, effective pricing strategy has taken center-stage to make real time adjustments in the overall business operations. This blog examines how pricing strategy research and different pricing research techniques are applied in handling inflationary pressures. Ranging between regional pricing, shrinkflation, and value engineering, the companies are integrating different techniques of pricing the FMCG products in a bid to stay competitive. This blog emphasizes the changing nature of FMCG pricing strategy where the businesses have to face cost pressures, as well as retain volume and brand loyalty. Finally, the blog offers an in-depth analysis on inflation adaptation of FMCG strategy providing an insight into how to combat inflation by strategically innovating price, chain, and streaming with consumers.

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This blog has been written by Keerthana N R. She is pursuing LLM in Intellectual Property Rights.she has a keen interest in legal drafting and in-depth research, aiming to bridge theory and practice within the evolving field of IP law with an aspiration to contribute impactful insights and precise analysis through both my academic and professional endeavors.

ABSTRACT

Patents and copyright being the bloodline of Intellectual property law forms the foundations for IP frameworks. Though they exist under one umbrella, their properties tend to be different.Thus its essential to have a proper breakdown legislations covering these aspects.The distinction matters because patents exist as a monopoly right incentivizing innovation while copyright finds its place in the literary, dramatic, artistic and literary words thereby fostering the need for two different legislations. This article examines the critical difference between both the IP facets which becomes essential in understanding the very essence of copyrights and patents. 

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This blog has been written by Keerthana N R , pursuing LLM in Intellectual Property Rights. She has a keen interest in legal drafting and in-depth research, aiming to bridge theory and practice within the evolving field of IP law with an aspiration to contribute impactful insights and precise analysis through both my academic and professional endeavors.

ABSTRACT

The fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry has been revolutionized over the last decade with conventional titans and new direct-to-consumer (D2C) brands reshaping how products are made, sold, and distributed. Spurred by digitalization, access to data, and shifting values, this convergence is not only fueling new business models but also escalating legal risks – especially concerning intellectual property, data protection, and consumer rights. While agility and compliance are the new mandates, the future of FMCG and D2C brands will be in the hands of those who are able to couple quick innovation with strong legal bearings.

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